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Similarity of goods and services
Compare goods/services by nature, purpose, users, distribution channels and their complementary or competing relationship.
Türkiye: practical decision and evidence
Compare goods/services by nature, purpose, users, distribution channels and their complementary or competing relationship. Explain the connection with the actual wording. Identical class numbers do not automatically prove similarity, and different numbers do not rule it out.
Worked file: both parties use class 35, but one sells industrial machinery and the other provides advertising. Compare the specific wording, purpose, customers and commercial channels. Document complementarity or competition with evidence instead of deciding from the class number alone.
Choosing Nice classes
Choose Nice classes from a concrete list of products and services, using the official accepted wording. Check both present activity and planned lawful expansion. Class numbers alone do not describe the full scope and different classes can still contain similar services.
Likelihood of confusion
Confusion is assessed through the signs, goods/services, relevant consumers and the overall impression. Prepare a comparison showing similarities and meaningful differences. A shared letter or a numerical similarity score alone does not establish the legal result.
Visual, aural and conceptual similarity
Examine visual, aural and conceptual similarity together where relevant to the consumer. Record pronunciation, meaning and dominant elements, then connect them to goods/services. Similarity in only one aspect is not a universal rule that decides every case.
Official filing and support
This guidance concerns Turkish rights unless a section expressly names another jurisdiction. Kayra can coordinate research, document preparation and follow-up. Registration, opposition and grant decisions belong to the competent office. Verify any required representative’s registration and authority before appointing them; court proceedings require appropriately qualified legal representation. The enquiry form requests consultancy, and does not itself file an official application.
Primary official sources
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The exact records for Similarity of goods and services depend on the confirmed scope. Current, consistent and traceable information reduces avoidable revisions.