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Visual, aural and conceptual similarity
Examine visual, aural and conceptual similarity together where relevant to the consumer.
Türkiye: practical decision and evidence
Examine visual, aural and conceptual similarity together where relevant to the consumer. Record pronunciation, meaning and dominant elements, then connect them to goods/services. Similarity in only one aspect is not a universal rule that decides every case.
Worked file: a sign sounds similar but has a different meaning and visual structure. Record likely pronunciation and consumer understanding and compare the goods and dominant elements. Explain how the aspects interact in the whole assessment rather than applying a rule that any phonetic resemblance always determines refusal.
Likelihood of confusion
Confusion is assessed through the signs, goods/services, relevant consumers and the overall impression. Prepare a comparison showing similarities and meaningful differences. A shared letter or a numerical similarity score alone does not establish the legal result.
Similarity of goods and services
Compare goods/services by nature, purpose, users, distribution channels and their complementary or competing relationship. Explain the connection with the actual wording. Identical class numbers do not automatically prove similarity, and different numbers do not rule it out.
Word mark or logo
Choose a word mark when the sign sought is the wording, and a figurative filing when the intended sign includes its visual composition. Compare actual use and planned logo changes. Registering one version does not mean every future redesign has the same scope.
Official filing and support
This guidance concerns Turkish rights unless a section expressly names another jurisdiction. Kayra can coordinate research, document preparation and follow-up. Registration, opposition and grant decisions belong to the competent office. Verify any required representative’s registration and authority before appointing them; court proceedings require appropriately qualified legal representation. The enquiry form requests consultancy, and does not itself file an official application.
Primary official sources
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The exact records for Visual, aural and conceptual similarity depend on the confirmed scope. Current, consistent and traceable information reduces avoidable revisions.