What a patent protects — Patent or utility model

What a patent protects

A patent concerns a technical invention and a territorially limited right defined by granted claims. Investigate novelty, inventive step and industrial applicability. Holding a patent is not a general permission to manufacture without considering others’ rights or product regulation.

Decision case: a working prototype is directed to a utility model solely because it is cheaper, while a demonstration video is already online. Collect technical features, disclosure dates, entitlement and earlier documents. Examine novelty and excluded subject matter, then justify the patent or utility-model route. Procedural speed is not technical eligibility. A confidentiality agreement signed later does not remove the earlier disclosure.

Patent or utility model

A utility model and a patent have different statutory requirements, exclusions and terms in Türkiye. Compare the technical subject matter before selecting a route. A faster or cheaper filing is not a substitute for checking whether the invention qualifies for that form of protection.

Patentability conditions

Assess novelty, inventive step and industrial applicability separately using dated prior art and a feature comparison. Distinguish technical solutions from excluded subject matter. A working prototype or commercial success alone does not establish patentability.

Confidentiality before patent filing

Before patent filing, control public presentations, offers, websites and disclosures to partners. Keep a dated disclosure chronology and signed confidentiality terms. A later confidentiality agreement cannot erase an earlier public disclosure; investigate the applicable country rules before relying on an exception.

Preliminary patent search

Search patent literature and relevant non-patent disclosures using technical synonyms and IPC/CPC classifications. Record dates and feature comparisons. Patentability searching and freedom-to-operate analysis are different tasks and should not be presented as the same report.

Patent claims

Patent claims define the technical matter for which protection is sought. Link every feature to the original description and distinguish independent from dependent claims. Revisions must not introduce unsupported subject matter merely to avoid earlier art.

PCT international applications

The PCT organises an international filing and search stage followed by national/regional procedures. Plan priority, receiving office and country-specific national-phase requirements. It does not grant a single world patent; national offices decide on protection.

Official filing and support

This guidance concerns Turkish rights unless a section expressly names another jurisdiction. Kayra can coordinate research, document preparation and follow-up. Registration, opposition and grant decisions belong to the competent office. Verify any required representative’s registration and authority before appointing them; court proceedings require appropriately qualified legal representation. The enquiry form requests consultancy, and does not itself file an official application.